Hunting Is A Staple Of American Tradition - 1788 Words

Hunting has become a staple of American traditions since the beginning of the first hunter/gatherers, to the Native Americans who have lived in the U.S for millennia, even all the way until present day. Much of today’s society looks at hunting as a cruel activity when in reality it has more of a positive effect on the environment than it does harm. There are an abundance of benefits that come from hunting. Some of the benefits of hunting are: it is the biggest contribution to conserving wildlife, the meat is healthier than commercially produced meat, many jobs are being supported out of hunting, and every hunter wants â€Å"to bag† the trophy animal; however, there are a few cons to this, which include poaching and interference by the activist†¦show more content†¦In Arizona, because of the lesser population of animals, one may only harvest one antlered deer, one elk, and two javelina per person per year. Additionally, the hunter must be drawn in a â€Å"lotte ry-style process for allocating the limited number of Arizona big game and other limited species hunt permit-tags to applicants† (AZ Game Fish). Not every applicant who applies for a tag gets drawn, this is part of the system of controlling the population of wildlife to ensure no animal is over hunted. However, in other states, there might be other regulations based on the population of the animal. For example, in Kentucky, one may be able to harvest four deer per year including one antlered deer (Kentucky Game and Fish). A famous example of overgrazing is the Kaibab plateau in northern Arizona in the early 1900’s. In summary, cattle was introduced to the plateau and thus created the problem of overgrazing the land. Then in 1906 Theodore Roosevelt declared the area the Grand Canyon National Game Preserve. The regulators of the area officially banned hunting of deer in 1907, in addition, the extermination of predators of deer was put into effect. By 1920 the deer popul ation had risen out of control from these laws and hunting was reopened. This overpopulation of deer caused overgrazing to happen once again and 60,000 deer starved within the next two winters. The image above shows the population of deer from 1905Show MoreRelatedThe Pros And Cons Of Gun Control1283 Words   |  6 Pagesself-defense, hunting, sporting activities, and security against tyranny. One side would claim that by removing guns from the hands of criminals would result in safer communities. While the other side would state that law-abiding citizens that own guns can reduce crime and that criminals will always have access to guns. At times at a certain border and in other part of the world, the criminals would be seen with military grade weaponry. History. Guns in America can be traced back to the hunting traditionRead MoreThe Omnivore s Dilemma By Michael Pollan1412 Words   |  6 Pagestug-of-war with my opinions, and those of most other Americans, throughout our lives. Pollan argues that this distress of being required to make choices among so much conflicting and biased information has turned America into a food-obsessed society, one that is eternally focused on but paradoxically distracted by the seemingly simple issue of what to eat. A lot of the food we end up consuming, whether we realize it or not, is made of corn: the ultimate staple grain, pumped through the industrial food chainRead MoreTraditions Evolved Or Vanished? Essay1190 Words   |  5 PagesTraditions Evolved or Vanished Every year, more and more cultural beliefs and traditions continue to be disappearing. Those cultural traditions that kept generations thriving strong throughout out our families are becoming nothing more than memories. Traditions were something that brought cultures and families together and made them one within each other. Traditions allowed people to become strong independent well-balanced individuals. Family traditions had an intense connection to the food theyRead MoreLittle Bison Basin Prehistory1329 Words   |  5 Pagesglaciers during the melt down. A region with plenty of vegetation and wildlife. According to the Dictionary of American History, The Great Basin does not have the abundant natural resources of the Pacific Northwest and California. Around 10,000 years ago, native peoples practiced big-game hunting around the remnants of Ice Age lakes in what archaeologists call the Western Pluvial Lakes Tradition. As the pluvial lakes dried up around five to seven thousand years ago, native peoples diversified their collectionRead More The Cherokee Essays1033 Words   |  5 Pages â€Å"THE CHEROKEE† nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;This report will examine the interaction and effects of the European culture clashing with the Native American culture when these new people [Europeans] came to a land and decided to take what they thought was theirs. Discussed will be who these people were and are, their way of life, and how they lived then and now. This paper will explain the â€Å"religious bigotry, cultural bias, and materialistic view† (Perdue and Porter 7) the Europeans had that conflictedRead MoreTapestry of a Tribe: The Story of the Ute Indians Essay1664 Words   |  7 Pagesname.† ~Disneys Pocohontas And so it is with the Ute Indians, a people whose great respect and admiration for the land and its inhabitants weaves in and out of their culturally rich heritage like threads in a tapestry. Not unlike other Native American tribes, the Utes feel a deep connection to the land that is their home. Everything they believe and all they do is a direct result of this connection. The story of the Utes is one that spans over a thousand years. It is a mystery, an action adventureRead MoreIroquois Origin Story Analysis1041 Words   |  5 PagesMany cultures around the world have beliefs and traditions unique to their way of life. One of the main influences in their culture stems from religious beliefs, that almost always explains the fundamental questions of human existence, purpose and relationship with spiritual beings and nature. These timeless origin stories seem to address these questions in vibrant, creative and powerful ways. They all point to some power, force or being that is respo nsible for man’s existence and purpose, and inRead More Native Peoples in New England Essay example1579 Words   |  7 Pages Native American history spans tens of thousands of thousands of years and two continents. It is a multifaceted story of dynamic cultures that in turn spawned intricate economic relationships and complex political alliances. Through it all, the relationship of First Peoples to the land has remained a central theme. Though Native Americans of the region today known as New England share similar languages and cultures, known as Eastern Algonquian, they are not one political or social group. RatherRead MoreThe Iroquois Confederacy to Six Nations1570 Words   |  7 Pagescollective of tribes that occupied the upper region of New York state around Lake Ontario, Pennsylvania, and Southern Ontario and Quebec. The term Iroquois is an English deviation from a French deviation of an offensive Algonkian (group of Native American Indian languages used from South Carolina to Labrador, Canada and west to the Great Plains) term for â€Å"real snakes†. Originally, the members of the confederacy described themselves as Kanonsionni (compound word – kanonsa meaning â€Å"house† and â€Å"ionni†Read MoreEssay on History and Uniqueness of the Culture of Nigeria1499 Words   |  6 PagesGuide (2005), the British colonial officer’s wife, had put together the words â€Å"Niger.â₠¬  meaning black and ‘area’ together, making Nigeria. Despite the British colonization, Nigerian people today still have many different languages, cultures, and traditions with roots reaching into their ancestors. Uniqueness of the Culture According to the book, A History of Nigeria (2008), Nigeria is historically unique for three different reasons. First, it was found that there had been a high level of migration

Defining and Understanding Literacy

Simply put, literacy is the ability to read and write in at least one language. So just about everyone in developed countries is literate in the basic sense. In her book The Literacy Wars,  Ilana Snyder argues that there is no single, correct view of literacy that would be universally accepted. There are a number of competing definitions, and these definitions are continually changing and evolving. The following quotes raise several issues about literacy, its necessity, its power, and its evolution. Observations on Literacy Literacy is a human right, a tool of personal empowerment and a means for social and human development. Educational opportunities depend on literacy. Literacy is at the heart of basic education for all and essential for eradicating poverty, reducing child mortality, curbing population growth, achieving gender equality and ensuring sustainable development, peace, and democracy., Why Is Literacy Important? UNESCO, 2010The notion of basic literacy is used for the initial learning of reading and writing, which adults who have never been to school need to go through. The term functional literacy is kept for the level of reading and writing that adults are thought to need in a modern complex society. Use of the term underlines the idea that although people may have basic levels of literacy, they need a different level to operate in their day-to-day lives., David Barton, Literacy: An Introduction to the Ecology of Written Language,  2006To acquire literacy is more than to psychologically and mechanically dominate reading and writing techniques. It is to dominate those techniques in terms of consciousness; to understand what one reads and to write what one understands: It is to communicate graphically. Acquiring literacy does not involve memorizing sentences, words or syllables, lifeless objects unconnected to an existential universe, but rather an attitude of creation and re-creation, a self-transformation producing a stance of intervention in ones context., Paulo Freire, Education for Critical Consciousness, 1974There is hardly an oral culture or a predominantly oral culture left in the world today that is not somehow aware of the vast complex of powers forever inaccessible without literacy., Walter J. Ong, Orality and Literacy: The Technologizing of the Word,  1982 Women and Literacy Joan Acocella, in a New Yorker review of the book The Woman Reader by Belinda Jack, had this to say in 2012: In the history of women, there is probably no matter, apart from contraception, more important than literacy. With the advent of the Industrial Revolution, access to the power required knowledge of the world. This could not be gained without reading and writing, skills that were granted to men long before they were to women. Deprived of them, women were condemned to stay home with the livestock or, if they were lucky, with the servants. (Alternatively, they may have been the servants.) Compared with men, they led mediocre lives. In thinking about wisdom, it helps to read about wisdom, about Solomon or Socrates or whomever. Likewise, goodness and happiness and love. To decide whether you have them or want to make the sacrifices necessary to get them, it is useful to read about them. Without such introspection, women seemed stupid; therefore, they were considered unfit for education; therefore, they weren’t given an education; therefore they seemed stupid.   A New Definition? Barry Sanders, in A Is for Ox: Violence, Electronic Media, and the Silencing of the Written Word (1994), makes a case for a changing definition of literacy in the technological age. We need a radical redefinition of literacy, one that includes a recognition of the vital importance that morality plays in shaping literacy. We need a radical redefinition of what it means for society to have all the appearances of literacy and yet to abandon the book as its dominant metaphor. We must understand what happens when the computer replaces the book as the prime metaphor for visualizing the self.It is important to remember that those who celebrate the intensities and discontinuities of postmodern electronic culture in print write from an advanced literacy. That literacy provides them the profound power of choosing their ideational repertoire. No such choice or power is available to the illiterate young person subjected to an endless stream of electronic images.

The Human Gut Microbiome - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 3 Words: 952 Downloads: 4 Date added: 2018/12/29 Category Health Essay Type Assignment Level High school Tags: Disease Essay Did you like this example? The human gut microbiome refers to the microbes found in the human digestive tract and their genomes. It is estimated that the number of microorganisms inhabiting the gastrointestinal tract exceeds 1014 (Bull Plummer, 2014, pp. 17). Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "The Human Gut Microbiome" essay for you Create order The human gut microbiota is dominated by bacteria (Clemente et al, 2012, pp. 1259). Over 1000 species of microbes colonize the gut. The most abundant are Firmicutes, Actinobacteria and Bacteroidetes, others include Verrucomicrobia, Cyanobacteria, Proteobacteria and Fusobacteria (DArgenio Salvatore, 2015, pp. 98). In the esophagus, duodenum and jejunum Streptococcus dominate while Helicobacter, Veillonella, Prevotella and Streptococcus reside in the stomach. The colon harbors Bacteroides and Firmicutes while luminal microbial genera include Lactobacillus, Ruminococcus, Bifidobacterium, Enterobacteriacae, Clostridium and Streptococcus. The human gut microbiome presents many benefits to the host like protecting the host against pathogens, regulating host immunity, harvesting energy for the host and strengthening the integrity of the gut (DArgenio Salvatore, 2015, pp. 102). It also plays a role in disease due to the presence or overabundance of certain bacteria or metabolites from certain members of the gut microbiota, which may influence the hosts signaling pathways leading to disorders such as obesity or colon cancer (Bull Plummer, 2014, pp. 17). The health of the host is determined by how healthy the gut flora is. The normal human gut microbiota is involved in nutrient metabolism and in offering antimicrobial protection. The interactions of the gut microbiota with each other and with the human host influence nutrition and metabolism (Jandhyala et al, 2015, pp. 8787). The human gut microbiota obtain their nutrients from the dietary carbohydrates from the host. Bacteroides, Enterobacteria, Fecalibacterium, Bifidobacterium and Roseburia found in the colon ferments the undigested carbohydrates and the indigestible oligosaccharides, synthesizing short chain fatty acids (SCFA) (Jandhyala et al, 2015, pp. 8787). Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron metabolizes carbohydrates by expressing glycosyl transferases, polysaccharide lyases and glycoside hydrolases. SCFAs synthesized include butyrate and acetate which are rich energy sources for the host (Flint et al, 2012, pp. 583). It is also involved in protein metabolism by use of microbial proteinases and peptidases which function together with the human proteinases (Jandhyala et al, 2015, pp. 8787). The gut microbiota is also deconjugates and dehydrates primary bile a cids into secondary bile acids in the colon. This is done by Escherichia coli, Bacteroides fragilis and Bacteroides intestinalis. The human gut microbiome has the capability to confer protection to the host against infections through non- immune- and immune- mediated mechanisms (Ubeda et al, 2017, pp. 128). Non- immune- derived mechanisms of protection include the consumption and depletion of simple sugars that could be utilized by pathogenic organisms such as Escherichia coli preventing them from causing infection (Jandhyala et al, 2015, pp. 8787). Gut microbiota also confers resistance to pathogens directly by producing and releasing molecules that have bacteriostatic or bactericidal properties (Ubeda et al, 2017, pp. 128). Innate immune- derived mechanisms of protection include the use of the mucus layer whose quantity and quality is determined by the intestinal microbiota (Jandhyala et al, 2015, pp. 8787). The human gut microbiome present detrimental effects in case of an imbalance. Consequences of microbial imbalance in the gut include an increased risk of systemic metabolic diseases and chronic gastrointestinal diseases. The gut microbiota has been implicated in systemic metabolic diseases such as type 2 diabetes mellitus and obesity due to the key role they play in the process of digestion. Dysbiosis in the gut, that is gut microbial imbalance, has been shown by research to have a direct association with the pathophysiology of type 2 diabetes and obesity (Bull Plummer, 2014, pp. 17). Gut microbiota such as Firmicutes and Bacteroides that are implicated in nutrient acquisition and harvesting energy are implicated in obesity and diabetes type 2. The human gut microbiome has been implicated in chronic gastrointestinal diseases such as irritable bowel syndrome and inflammatory bowel disease. In dysbiosis, microbial imbalance, the gut facilitates the adhesion of enteric pathogens which are responsible for the symptoms associated with irritable bowel syndrome such as abdominal discomfort and change in bowel habits (Bull Plummer, 2014, pp. 17). An imbalance in gut microbiota leads to reduced bactericidal properties, thus allowing the adherence of enteric pathogens. A reduction in numbers of Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes and Proteobacteria is associated with inflammatory bowel disease. Firmicutes are responsible for the synthesis of short chain fatty acids like butyrate and acetate, which have anti- inflammatory properties, thus a reduction in their numbers increases the risk of inflammatory bowel disease (Flint et al, 2012, pp. 586). The human gut has the largest number of microbes compared to any other part of the human body. There exists a symbiotic relationship between the gut microbiota and the host. The gut microbiota functions in nutrition, metabolism and antimicrobial protection. However, when an imbalance occurs in the gut microbiota, harmful consequences such as the onset of chronic gastrointestinal diseases and an increased risk of systemic diseases occurs. It therefore becomes crucial that the balance of gut microbiota remains at healthy levels. Bibliography Bull, M.J. and Plummer, N.T., 2014. Part 1: The human gut microbiome in health and disease.? Integrative Medicine: A Clinicians Journal, 13(6), p.17. Clemente, J.C., Ursell, L.K., Parfrey, L.W. and Knight, R., 2012. The impact of the gut microbiota on human health: an integrative view. Cell, 148(6), pp.1258-1270. DArgenio, V. and Salvatore, F., 2015. The role of the gut microbiome in the healthy adult status. Clinica Chimica Acta, 451, pp.97-102. Flint, H.J., Scott, K.P., Louis, P. and Duncan, S.H., 2012. The role of the gut microbiota in nutrition and health. Nature Reviews Gastroenterology and Hepatology, 9(10), pp.577-589. Jandhyala, S.M., Talukdar, R., Subramanyam, C., Vuyyuru, H., Sasikala, M. and Reddy, D.N., 2015. Role of the normal gut microbiota. World journal of gastroenterology: WJG, 21(29), p.8787. Thursby, E. and Juge, N., 2017. Introduction to the human gut microbiota.? Biochemical Journal, 474(11), pp.1823-1836. Ubeda, C., Djukovic, A. and Isaac, S., 2017. Roles of the intestinal microbiota in pathogen protection. Clinical translational immunology, 6(2), p.e128.

The Seismic Behavior Of Multistory Frame Structures

CHAPTER 2 LITERATURE REVIEW 2.1 INTRODUCTION The seismic behavior of multistory frame structures has been studied extensively in the last few decades due to their efficiency as earthquake resisting systems. The multistory framed systems can be categorized as reinforced concrete (RC) frames, masonry-inï ¬ lled frames, and wall-frame system. The literature survey in this chapter highlights some of the previous experimental and analytical Work done on the seismic performance of existing and rehabilitated structures. The survey covers retrofitting and analytical models of different structural systems, namely: RC frame structures, RC structural Walls, FRP confined beams and columns, rehabilitated frames using FRP bracings, rehabilitated frames using steel bracing and masonry-inï ¬ lled frames. 2.2 NONLINEAR MODELS Several analytical models for the non-linear analysis of reinforced concrete structural components have been proposed. These range from very refined and complex finite element models (N go and Scordelis I967) to simplified macro-models (Chen and Powell 1982, Lai et al, 1984, Powell and Campbell 1994, Pctrangeli et al. l999). Refined analytical models are typically used in predicting the response of small structures or structural subassemblies. The use of refined finite element models in non-linear static, cyclic and dynamic response of reinforced concrete frames is complex, time consuming and may not be practical. On the other hand, simplified macro-models have beenShow MoreRelatedManaging Information Technology (7th Edition)239873 Words   |  960 Pages9 ̈ CASE STUDY 1 Midsouth Chamber of Commerce (A): The Role of the Operating Manager in Information Systems 10 PART I Information Technology Chapter 2 Computer Systems 17 19 Basic Components of Computer Systems 20 Underlying Structure 20 Input/Output 20 Computer Memory 21 Arithmetic/Logical Unit Computer Files Control Unit 23 23 25 The Stored-Program Concept 25 Types of Computer Systems 28 Microcomputers 29 Midrange Systems 30 Mainframe Computers

Borderline Personality Disorder Psychology - 2038 Words

Borderline Personality Disorder Deidra Stewart November 18, 2014 Abnormal Psychology Chad Latta Borderline Personality Disorder is a disorder in the cluster of dramatic personality disorder. People with a dramatic personality are extremely emotional, erratic and are dramatic which makes it almost impossible for them to have relationships that are healthy (Comer, 2013). Not only do dramatic personality disorders cause problems for the person with the disorder but also anyone they are involved with. BPD is one of the most studied disorders and cause many more problems than any other disorder in the dramatic cluster. Diagnosing Borderline Personality Disorder Borderline Personality Disorder is characterized by intense, rapidly fluctuating moods combined with impulsivity and instability in interpersonal relationships (Biskin Paris, 2012) (Comer, 2013). People with BPD experience extreme intense emotions and self-destructive behaviors (Roney Cannon, 2011). These behaviors can cause trouble in their own lives. Individuals with BPD can have a variety of symptoms that can cause problems in their day to day life. These symptoms occur in four domains. The four domains are affectivity, interpersonal functioning, impulse control and cognitive (Biskin, 2012). Each of these symptoms are needed for diagnosing a person with Borderline Personality Disorder. A therapist will use the diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders to distinguish which criteria aShow MoreRelatedPsychology : Borderline Personality Disorder1323 Words   |  6 PagesRunning head: Borderline Personality Disorder The Study of Borderline Personality Disorder Olivia Wright Blue Ridge Community College Abstract Borderline personality disorder (BPD) falls into cluster b category which is characterized as dramatic, emotional, or erratic disorders. People with borderline personality disorder are characterized by their volatile and unstable relationships; they tend to have persistent problems in early adulthood, with frequent hospitalization, unstable personalRead MoreClinical Aspects Of Psychology : Borderline Personality Disorder2228 Words   |  9 PagesClinical Aspects of Psychology APP3037 Assessment 2: Critical Review Topic 4: Borderline Personality Disorder Tutor: Vidanka Vasilevski Matthew Lemon Student No. 3926094 Borderline personality disorder (BPD) is a severe Axis 2 mental illness distinguished by a common pattern of mental impulsivity, interpersonal dysfunction, disrupted self-image, and self-harming behaviours (Chanen Kaess, 2012; Leichsenring, Leibing, Kruse, New Leweke, 2011). Between 0.7% and 2.7% of the populationRead MoreBorderline Personality Disorder : Psychological Disorder1333 Words   |  6 Pages Borderline Personality Disorder Kelsea P Porter Psychology Mrs. Kline 22 November 2015 Borderline Personality Disorder When instructed to write a 3-5 page paper over a psychological disorder I wondered to myself what disorder could I do to interest me enough to take so much time to look into. What one disorder would I have to force myself to research and write about that would not be completely painful? This is when I decided to write my paper over the Borderline Personality Disorder, the disorderRead MoreBorderline Personality Disorder ( Borderline )1749 Words   |  7 Pages Borderline Personality Disorder Could you picture yourself being brought face to face with an individual who has a personality similar to a mine field? In other words where or when he/she will explode is never known. This type of personality disorder is called borderline personality disorder. Borderline Personality Disorder is one of the most scariest and hidden disorders that have baffled our society as well as many health professionals for many years. The DSM IV defines borderline personalityRead MoreBorderline Personality Disorder ( Borderline )872 Words   |  4 PagesBorderline Personality Disorder is a mental disorder characterized by instability in mood, impulsiveness, unstable relationships, and chronic emptiness. Borderline Personality Disorder affects approximately two percent of the population, and is predominately found in women. This disorder makes it difficult for people to understand social norms and the dynamics of relationships, so unpredictable and erratic behavior are common. Although Borderline Personality Disorder is incurable, it is treatableRead MoreBorderline Personality Disorder ( Borderline )1361 Words   |  6 Pages Borderline Personality Disorder is named borderline personality disorder because at one point in history they considered this disorder to be on the â€Å"borderline† between neurosis and psychosis. Borderline personality disorder is a severe mental disorder that impacts an individual’s behavior, relationships, and mood. The disorder usually begins during adolescence or young adulthood. People with BPD have a tendency of rapid change in attitude or feelings toward others because they cannot regulateRead MoreBorderline Personality Disorder: A Literature Review Essay1589 Words   |  7 Pages The history of BPD can be traced back to 1938 when Adolph Stern first described the symptoms of the disorder as neither being psychotic nor psychoneurotic; hence, the term ‘borderline’ was introduced (National Collaborating Centre for Mental Health, 2009, p. 15). Then in 1960, Otto Kernberg coined the term ‘borderline personality organization’ to describe persistent patterns of behavior and functioning consisting of instability, and distressed psychological self-organization (National CollaboratingRead MorePsychology Is The Study Of Human Behavior1447 Words   |  6 PagesPsychology is the study of human behavior. It is a field that focuses on the human mind, which is a varied landscape of thought and thought processes. When considering the process of studying the field of psychology as a whole there are a great number of avenues to explore the mind. There are different types of psychology, both normal and abnormal as the overarching distinctions. Ther e are also many disorders associated with abnormal behavior psychology such as schizophrenia, anxiety disordersRead MoreApplication of Clinical Pychology1243 Words   |  5 PagesClinical Psychology Clinical psychologist are often treating people with mental illness and patients who suffer from severe psychiatric disorders. Clinical psychologist are involved with helping people with abnormal behavior and who may be suffering from psychological distress. Patients are often individualized by psychological, biological and social factors of their case. Clinical psychologist work very close with their patients to help assess and diagnose which psychological disorder they areRead MoreBorderline Personality Disorder ( Bipolar Disorder )1653 Words   |  7 PagesIV four types of psychopathology describe Borderline Personality Disorder: affective disturbance, impulsivity, cognitive problems, and intense unstable relationships. Before diagnosis, Doctors must establish that patterns of affective instability, impulsivity, and unstable relationships have been consistent over time. Therefore, obtaining the patient’s detailed history is crucial. Many of the same features can be found in patients with Bipolar Disorder. Dysphorias, hyperactivity, impulsivity, and

Managing Across Borders Management

Question: Discuss about the Managing Across Borders Management. Answer: Introduction This report present new techniques and strategies that will help AmericInn hotels in the management in the rising cross border business and transactions. With regards to this, there are two things that can create impact on the organization that is firstly the changes in the functional, natural, mixed and institutional change. And the second major issue is the fact that where the new business will expand. There are various types of methods, tools, models that are used while management of across borders takes place. The objectives and goals of this report is to analyze that whether the AmericInn Company would be able to manage in the changing and international business environment as it is very unfamiliar to the company. as we know, when a company tries to expand their business operations to other country than it has to face many problems regarding the culture, political parties, government interventions, nature, region, etc. The leaders and managers have to take qualitative and quantitative steps to manage all the issues and to face all the challenges. The leaders of the company take optimal decisions so that the organization will not face any major issues. It can become possible when the managers and leaders will make effective plans related to the management of cross borders. They have to design schemes and tactics that can work in the international markets of the world. It is very relevant to AmericInn to form such policies to cope up with the challenges and competition present in the across borders countries. As we know, the world has become very interactive due to the presence of technology. This results in globally challenged business organizations in which the managers and leaders have to be very effective. An overview of company: AmericInn hotel and suites AmericInn is a chain of hotels and suites that was founded in the year 1984 in the suburban twin cities. This chain is comprises of mid-price and limited service hotels. It is spread in all over United States including 240 states and cities. The majority of hotels are located in Midwestern United States with the franchises of AmericInn. The franchise of AmericInn was founded and was initiated by Jim Graves and opened in the year 1984. 20 properties of AmericInn are located in Minnesota and Wisconsin and its expansions are in the mid Midwestern United States. It has approx 240 motels and more of them are locate in the upper Midwest (AmericInn, 2016). An understanding of the impact of globalization on Managers and organizations First of all we have to understand that what globalization is? It refers to the expansion of business operations into the international markets to earn more revenue and profits. The process of globalization has a great impact on not only the business but also on the managers and other people working with the organization. Every successful business wants to expand their business operations in the global and international markets. AmericInn is a company that is a well established company of America. This motivates the company to spread its operations in to the international countries so that the company can run and earn more revenues. It is one of the common issues of all the successful businesses. there are many factors that must be considered before going global as every organization including AmericInn have to manage all these factors like the laws for the employees, the culture of the international country, terminologies and the corporate social responsibility. It creates a hug imp act on the working of the organization (Bhagat, et.al. 2002). AmericInn have to face a new environment as before they are dealing in America only. The culture of America is very different from other countries. They have to face issues related to the communication, government policies, political stability, culture differentiation, etc. The process of globalization creates a major impact on the human resource management of the AmericInn in company as they have to manage diversity of workforce who belongs to different nations and backgrounds from all over the globe. There are lots of challenges that will be faced by the managers and leaders of AmericInn (Cappellen, and Janssens, 2005). The management of the different diversity of workforce in the organization is a vital part of globalization. As they deal with different countries, the people will come from various nations. It will create problems related to the communication, culture, mindsets, etc. The other major challenges faced by the managers of AmericInn are the rights and laws for the labors in the other nations. It is very difficult for the HR managers of the company to study the rules and regulations of other countys policies. This creates a huge burden on the managers of the company (Guo and Rongxing, 2015). The outsourcing of the employees is also a reason for the challenges and issues. It is the mentality of people that they do not want to change their country for better opportunity. This will become as issue for AmericInn. The managers of AmericInn observed that the employees that are recruited for the outside country generally work for part-time of temporary basis. It results in insecurity of termination and turnover of the employees form the organization. The major reason due to which AmericInn was avoiding from expansion was management of productivity and quality in the organization. It is very easy for the company to manage both the elements in the local boundaries as they are aware of the culture of America (Birkinshaw, Brannen, and Tung, 2011). The process of globalization involves downsizing of the workforce form the organization. It is a major drawback as AmericInn has to terminate many of the skilled and intelligent employees from the organization for the sake of globalization. This is the most crucial process of international business (Scullion, and Collings, 2006). AmericInn have to manage flexibility in the working process and working hours so that the employee and other members get familiar with the environment of the company. It becomes very relevant for every company which is expanding its business operations into the global markets. An understanding of strategy issues in international Business Though, international business carries lots of benefits with it as the business can experience various types of new markets and untouched markets, new customers, policies, benefits, revenues, profits, sales, etc. Despite of all above, AmericInn have to face many types of issues regarding the planning for the strategies. There are key issues and challenges faced by AmericInn in the formation and management of strategy formation. AmericInn should identify the key issues that may come while internationalization of business operations. Key issues in the strategies are related to those issues that affects the survival of AmericInn in other countries. The companies have to study some relevant elements that effects its position that are market position on that refers to the products and services offered to the target markets. The main issue is whether the goods and services are fulfilling the customers need or not. The financial position of the company must be strong while internationalization of the company as it helps in achieving the goals of the organization. The system of production represent the technology that is used by the hotel AmericInn as the customers wants updated luxury while spending money. The managers also have to look at the human resource department of the company to continue the proces s of recruitment, selection, training, development, compensation of the employees. There is a huge difference in the domestic strategy and international strategy. In this regard, the company AmericInn has discovered four main areas where the strategies must be formed and implemented. It is done by the strategy analyst of the company. the fur strategies are the geographic spread, integration of global challenges, multinational firms, multi business firms, etc. the global factors depicts that in which global location the company wants to establish its further operations. Then the motive is to spread the business operation according to the locations. If we talk about AmericInn than the Asian countries are the best suite locations. This could provide advantage to enlarge the operations of the hotel to international market. So we can say that the practice of international business and its strategy is not very easy for AmericInn as there is a very thin line between the general strategy of the business and the international strategy of the business operations. The managers are facing a huge amount of competition that results in failure of the strategy formation for the organization. An understanding of the skills required by managers to Manage in a global context To succeed in todays fast moving world, AmericInn has to prepare their leaders and managers to cope up with the challenges and issues that come across while internationalization of the business takes place. There are certain qualities that must be developed in the managers and leaders of AmericInn. They re the set of skills and knowledge that must be found in the working style of them. To manage the pressure from the global economy, the managers have to diversify their mind sets according to the regions, nations, and substantial boundaries of the global economy. AmericInn wants to set up effective business operations in the overseas locations. This can be achieved through broad senses and technical knowhow. The specific qualities that must be required by the managers are- The overseas experiences The overseas experiences that reflect the knowledge and skills of managers about the counties in which the business operation is taking place or will take place in future. To become an international manager, it is very relevant to develop knowledge about the international markets, international cultures, policies, etc. (Javidan, et.al. 2005). Self-awareness Self-awareness is also the most important quality that must be present in AmericInns manager. This represents the beliefs and values of the manager on himself. The company has to chose such individual a manager who is confident about himself and must be aware about his or her powers. Without such quality it is not possible o manage the tough environment of international business. Cultural diversification There must be sensitivity in the cultural diversification of the staff and other members. As we know that a manager is an individual who promotes unity in the organization. AmericInn have to develop a sense of diversification in the minds of the managers so that they can respect the diversities in the company. Humility It is very relevant to manage humility in the organization. This helps in the unification and satisfaction of the employees. The hotel industry is one where it is vital to manage a decent and sophisticated behavior for their clients. It can be possible only when the staff will maintain good hospitality in AmericInn. Strategic thinking Global strategic thinking is the key factor that can help the managers and leaders of AmericInn to succeed in the global environment. It helps to make strategies according to the international environment of the country in which the company is dealing with. Good communication and well spoken Good communication and well spoken are the factors that helps in attracting new customers and clients in the organization. Communication has a power that can connect two different people together. Hence, it becomes very relevant for AmericInn to have effective communication power to deal in international business (Pettigrew, Woodman, and Cameron, 2001). A good negotiator A good negotiator is a best quality of a manager or a leader. If these skills are added to the managers of AmericInn than the company can easily tackle with the unfavorable environment of new locations. While going global it is the basic requirement that must be found in every leader. Attractive and pleasing presence Presence is the first thing that comes in the notice. Mangers should be presentable as he is a representative of the entire organization. The managers of AmericInn should develop their personality in a way that they look charismatic and presentable (Soderberg, and Holden, 2002). An understanding of major entry and exit strategies of International business There are various ways through which AmericInn can entry and exit from the international business Exporting as an entry strategy Direct- Direct entry refers to initiate the operations directly in the international business or country. It is the most risky way as the entire operations and the business organization is new for the location. Indirect- Indirect refers to firstly start the operations from the domestic nation to develop the knowledge and skills of the other countries (Adler, 2006). Foreign production as an entering strategy Licensing- It is almost similar to the contract manufacturing. In case of AmericInn it refers to provide license to any other company who wants to start operation of the same company (Lu, and Beamish, 2004). Franchising- It is one of the special forms of licensing in which the franchisor use the entire pan of the main company and promote it in the other nations. This concept is the most updated and expanding rapidly as it has many advantages. Local manufacturing- It refers to the manufacturing in which the company manufactures the local products and services instead of any international brand and multinational companys product pr services. Owners entering strategies Joint ventures- Joint venture refers to the investment are done in any foreign firm. It is a type of partnership. In this the firms get advantage to manage the other firms on their own basis. Strategic alliance- Strategic alliance is an updated version of joint ventures. They are different from traditional way joint ventures. Entering into the markets through the mergers and acquisitions- Instead of building the base, many companies direct merge or acquire the business operations of the other international companies. It is one of the attractive ay to enter into the global markets (Werner, 2002). Exit strategy There are no particular strategies for the exit of the firms form the national as well as international markets. There are various types of circumstances that force the companies to exit from the market or country. Failure is one of the major reason due to which the companies take exit but there are other reasons too that may force the companies to exit from the markets. They can be political reasons, financial problems or lack or finance, economic reasons and legal reasons. They are the reasons due to which the companies want to dissolve the operations and sell the entire or partial organization. High cost of operation sis also major issue in the international business as it is not possible to initiate the business operations wit out the investment of money and finance (AmericInn, 2016). Conclusion At last we can conclude that the company has managed the changes that has takes place while changing and expanding the business operations from one country to another country. Though, it is not an easy task for any company. But the AmericInn hotels and suites somehow proved that they have done across border management in a prominent way. The managers and the leaders of the company AmericInn are very effective while drafting the policies and strategies of management takes place at the time of across borders. They have a good knowledge of international markets. The managers of the company know well to manage the international business transaction in an effective and efficient ways. We have an understanding of the impact of globalization on Managers and organization, an understanding of strategy issues in international Business, an understanding of the skills required by managers to manage in a global context, and an understanding of major entry and exit strategies of International busi ness. As we know that the across border business has created a huge impact on the managers and the entire organization. It has become relevant for the managers to cope up with the challenges that have come at the time of management. The leaders and managers have to take qualitative and quantitative steps to manage all the issues and to face all the challenges. The leaders of the company take optimal decisions so that the organization will not face any major issues. It can become possible when the managers and leaders will make effective plans related to the management of cross borders. References Adler, N.J., 2006. The Arts Leadership: Now that we can do anything, what will we do?. Academy of Management Learning Education, 5(4), pp.486-499. AmericInn, 2016. AmericInn, [Online], Accessed on: 7 December 2016, Available at: https://www.americinn.com/ Bemak, F., 2000. Transforming the role of the counselor to provide leadership in education reform through collaboration. Professional School Counseling, 3(5), p.323. Bennett, R., Aston, A. and Colquhoun, T., 2000. Cross-cultural training: A critical step in ensuring the success of international assignments. Human Resource Management, 39(2, 3), p.239. Bhagat, R.S., Kedia, B.L., Harveston, P.D. and Triandis, H.C., 2002. Cultural variations in the cross-border transfer of organizational knowledge: An integrative framework. Academy of management review, 27(2), pp.204-221. Birkinshaw, J., Brannen, M.Y. and Tung, R.L., 2011. From a distance and generalizable to up close and grounded: Reclaiming a place for qualitative methods in international business research. Journal of International Business Studies, 42(5), pp.573-581. Cappellen, T. and Janssens, M., 2005. Career paths of global managers: Towards future research. Journal of World Business, 40(4), pp.348-360. De La Potterie, B.V.P. and Lichtenberg, F., 2001. Does foreign direct investment transfer technology across borders?. Review of Economics and Statistics, 83(3), pp.490-497. Florini, A. and Sovacool, B.K., 2009. Who governs energy? The challenges facing global energy governance. Energy Policy, 37(12), pp.5239-5248. Guilln, M.F. and Garca-Canal, E., 2009. The American model of the multinational firm and the new multinationals from emerging economies. The Academy of Management Perspectives, 23(2), pp.23-35. Gupta, A.K. and Govindarajan, V., 2002. Cultivating a global mindset. The Academy of Management Executive, 16(1), pp.116-126. Guo and Rongxing, 2015. Cross border management, [Online], Accessed on: 7 December 2016, Available at: https://www.springer.com/la/book/9783662451557 hospitalitynet, 2016. AmericInn Hotel And Suites To Expand Into Middle East, South Asia, [Online], Accessed on: 7 December 2016, Available at: https://www.hospitalitynet.org/news/4073889.html Javidan, M., Stahl, G.K., Brodbeck, F. and Wilderom, C.P., 2005. Cross-border transfer of knowledge: Cultural lessons from Project GLOBE. The Academy of Management Executive, 19(2), pp.59-76. Lu, J.W. and Beamish, P.W., 2004. International diversification and firm performance: The S-curve hypothesis. Academy of management journal, 47(4), pp.598-609. McDougall, P.P. and Oviatt, B.M., 2000. International entrepreneurship: the intersection of two research paths. Academy of management Journal, 43(5), pp.902-906. Pettigrew, A.M., Woodman, R.W. and Cameron, K.S., 2001. Studying organizational change and development: Challenges for future research. Academy of management journal, 44(4), pp.697-713. Pless, N.M., Maak, T. and Stahl, G.K., 2011. Developing responsible global leaders through international service-learning programs: The Ulysses experience. Academy of Management Learning Education, 10(2), pp.237-260. Scullion, H. and Collings, D.G. eds., 2006. Global staffing. Routledge. Sderberg, A.M. and Holden, N., 2002. Rethinking cross cultural management in a globalizing business world. International Journal of Cross Cultural Management, 2(1), pp.103-121. Werner, S., 2002. Recent developments in international management research: A review of 20 top management journals. Journal of Management, 28(3), pp.277-305.

Relationship between personal and professional values Free Sample

Question: What is the relationship between personal and professional values, ethics and the legislative framework for Social Work? Answer: The objective of this paper is to explore the relationship between the personal values and the professional values, the ethics and the legislative framework for social work. In this paper, I would establish links between each section of the paper to my chosen case study; the Slater family. The personal can be defined as a set of strong beliefs and opinions that an individual considers to be important and worthy in his or her life. Values are also sometimes seen as problematic as they may change over time. (Beckett and Maynard, 2013). Examples of personal values are: equality, justice, honesty, positivity, respect and etc. These values are formed within a person once they start to understand the difference between good or bad and right or wrong. It is correct that right or wrong is a very subjective matter and this is precisely the reason that the personal values of people differ. The personal values would encompass cultural, moral, traditional, political or religious values. Personal values and their meanings are unique for every individual and they differ greatly from person to person. In fact, the personal values can differ even within the same profession. A Social Workers personal values may affect how he carry himself and the decisions and choices he make within hi s professional practice. Therefore, it is crucial for Social Workers to be aware of the existence of these values and their roots. For many individuals the reason behind their choice of this career path is mainly because of the values; to some extent their personal values are congruent to the values of Social Work. However there may still be times in a Social Workers career where they may find themselves in conflict between their personal values and professional values. Professional values are the principles that are set out to guide individuals on how to act and behave within a professional practice. Professional values state how every practitioner should treat their clients. Although the HCPC code of conducts sets out clear guidelines on how every Social Worker should carry out their actions in practice, the professional values are distinct from those which are set by legislations and policies. Professional values are the values that are held in common by a profession, whether they are written formally or just known informally. Also each of the Social Work organisations may have their own set of values. (Beckett and Maynard, 2013). Examples of Professional Social Work values are: commitment to achieving social change in order to meet socially recognized needs, giving importance to the most vulnerable individuals of society, respecting differences within groups and individuals and etc. It is important that the social workers should create a balance between their personal values and their professional values. It is very common for Social Workers to experience conflicts between their personal and professional values throughout practice. This conflict is a major problem for social workers. The problem occurs not only with this conflict, but also when the personal and professional values conflict with the needs of the diverse service users. However the professional values will determine how a Social Worker should perform as a professional practitioner. Therefore in every situation, before coming to a decision the Social Worker will need to question their personal values to see if it is compatible to the professional values. Moreover, when the two contradict, the professional values will always dominate the personal values as the Social Worker will put aside their own personal values, in order to conduct themselves in an appropriate professional manner (Banks, 2012). An example of when a Social Workers personal and professional values may come in conflict is if they were to be a religious induvial who did not believe in homosexuality and they were assigned to work with a gay couple, their personal values may lead them to treating them less favourably than the other service users; however their professional values will guide them to the right path; respecting diversity and treating people equally. These issues may impact upon the Slater Family in various ways because the Social Workers personal values will make them look down a different road in regards to this case, whilst the professional values will bring them back, reminding them of the professional standards that they must maintain. One example of an issue that may arise with the Slater family is that both of the parents are unemployed and the family are on low income, living on housing and other benefits. The Social Workers personal values may allow them to be prejudice towards the family; thinking that they are just uneducated lazy people, who did not do further study or make any effort to try get a job. A second issue may be that the mother Sally, has learning disability. Even in todays society there are individuals who still frown upon people with a disability. The Social Worker may presume that Sally is incapable of doing anything due to her learning disabilities, even small tasks and therefore considered not fit to be a mother. Another example of an issue could be the race of either of the parents, as the father is white British and mother mixed-race British. In this situation if the Social Worker is from a by different ethnicity they may find it difficult to work with people of different cultures. There may be further complications if the Social Worker who is assigned to this family, struggles to come to terms with their personal and professional values whilst working on their case. Therefore it is crucial for Social Work professionals to come to an understanding with their personal and professional values to ensure that they are providing the best possible service to all their service users. One other major issue is that Darren and Sally are allowing their friends to take drugs in their flat. The Social Workers personal values may be that this kind of behaviour is unacceptable, they will have certain expectations regarding substance misuse, especially since it is in the presence of two young children.